世界海洋巡邏機(World Maritime Patrol Aircrafts)-2013

海洋巡邏機也稱為巡邏機(patrol aircraft)或海洋偵察機(maritime reconnaissance aircraft)，是一種可以長時間用來執行反潛、反艦以及搜索與搜救任務的固定翼軍用機。多數巡邏機是由轟炸機或民航機的機體改裝而成，少部分則是水上飛機，在二戰後由於在航程與性能上民航機比轟炸機更佳因此成為海洋巡邏機的主要機體來源(不過俄羅斯的巡邏機很多還是以轟炸機開發而來)。海洋巡邏機通常配備雷達、磁異探測器(Magnetic anomaly detector (MAD))、聲納浮標(Sonobuoys)、ELINT(電子情報(Electronic Intelligence))與紅外線相機(Infrared cameras)等感測器並且也可裝載反艦飛彈、反潛魚雷與距外攻陸巡弋飛彈以執行反艦、反潛與對地攻擊任務。目前美國也有UAV海洋巡邏機MQ-4C Triton的開發預計2015年服役，將搭配P-8海洋巡邏機執行廣域海洋偵察任務，由於可以連續長時間出任務，將可補足P-8無法出任務時的偵查空檔。


US
Lockheed P-3 Orion (known as the CP-140 Aurora in Canadian service)

P-3獵戶座設計是修改自洛克希德L-188客機，L-188是一種當初在對抗崛起中的噴射客機落敗的渦輪螺旋槳客機。P-3是用來接替二戰後的P-2海王星巡邏機，它由四具渦輪螺旋槳發動機推動，使它的速度可與快速螺旋槳戰鬥機相當甚至也能跟慢速渦輪扇噴射機一較高低如A-10。
衍生型：
WP-3D: Two P-3C aircraft as modified on the production line for NOAA weather research, including hurricane hunting.
EP-3E Aries: 10 P-3A and 2 EP-3B aircraft converted into ELINT aircraft.
EP-3E Aries II: 12 P-3C aircraft converted into ELINT aircraft.
AP-3C: All Royal Australian Air Force P-3C/W aircraft which have been fully upgraded with totally new mission systems by L-3 Communications to include an Elta SAR/ISAR RADAR and a GD-Canada Acoustic Processor system.
CP-140 Aurora: Long-range maritime reconnaissance, anti-submarine warfare aircraft for the Canadian Forces. Based on the P-3C Orion airframe, but mounts the more advanced electronics suite of the Lockheed S-3 Viking; 18 built
CP-140A Arcturus: Three P-3s without ASW equipment for Canadian Aurora crew training and various coastal patrol missions.
P-7 proposed new-build and improved variant as a P-3 Orion replacement later canceled.
Orion 21 proposed new-build and improved variant as a P-3 Orion replacement; lost to the Boeing

Boeing P-8 Poseidon (預計2013年服役)

The P-8 is intended to conduct anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and shipping interdiction and to engage in an electronic intelligence (ELINT) role. This will involve carrying torpedoes, depth charges, SLAM-ER, Harpoon anti-ship missiles, and other weapons. It will also be able to drop and monitor sonobuoys. It is designed to operate in conjunction with the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle.
衍生型：
P-8A Poseidon – Production variant for the U.S. Navy.
P-8I Neptune – Export variant for the Indian Navy.
P-8 AGS – An Airborne Ground Surveillance variant proposed to the U.S. Air Force in 2010 as an alternate to upgrades to the Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS fleet.

France

Breguet Atlantic

Introduced to service in 1965, it has been operated by several NATO countries, commonly performing maritime roles such as reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare. The Atlantic is also capable of carrying air-to-ground missiles, some German Navy aircraft were also equipped to perform ELINT duties.
衍生型：
Br.1150 Atlantic 
Long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft.
Atlantique 2 
Updated variant.

ATR 72 ASW

The ATR 72 ASW integrates the ATR 42 MP (Maritime Patrol) mission system with the same on-board equipment but with additional ASW capabilities. An anti-submarine warfare (ASW) variant of the −500 (itself a version of the maritime patrol variant of the ATR 42–500) is also in production and has been selected by Turkish Navy and Italian Navy for ASW and anti-surface warfare (ASuW) duties.

Dassault Falcon 20G

Maritime patrol and surveillance version, equipped with two Garrett AiResearch ATF3-6-2C turbofan engines.


Dassault Falcon 50M Surmar
The aircraft has been modified to replace the “Atlantique” (ATL2) maritime patrol aircraft and has been fitted with an Ocean Master 100 maritime surveillance radar and a FLIR thermal camera, it has also been fitted with a hatch to launch survival equipment for search and rescue missions.

Dassault Falcon 900 MPA

A derivative of the Falcon 900DX business jet, the proposed MPA would be equipped with the Thales Amascos mission system, comprising an Ocean Master maritime search radar, retractable forward-looking infrared sensor, tactical datalink and satellite communications suite. Suggested missions are anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare, plus search-and-rescue, target acquisition and intelligence gathering.
The aircraft will also be equipped with under wing pylons for the possible carriage of weapons and carry electronic countermeasures for self-protection.

Canada

Bombardier Dash 8 DHC-8-300 MSA and DHC-8 MPA-D8 (Canada)

Japan

Kawasaki P-1

(來源：世界尖端武器觀測站FB專頁)



美國和日本是兩個世界上最為重視海上反潛力量建設的國家，美國是出於全球戰略的需要，而日本則是為了應對東亞各國潛艇威脅，尤其是日益壯大的中國水下潛艇部隊。為了取代已經到達服役年限的P-3C，美國提出了P-8A海上多任務反潛巡邏機計劃，日本則提出PX反潛機計劃。P-1是世界上第一種採用「光傳飛控系統」(fly-by-light)的飛機。與現役的P-3C相比，P-1反潛機的對潛艇的探測能力有了成倍的提高，配備的潛艇探測設備包括海面搜索雷達、聲納系統，紅外線探測儀和磁異探測器。

Russia

Antonov An-72P (USSR)
Armed with one 23 mm GSh-23L cannon plus bombs and/or rockets.

Beriev Be-12 (USSR)

The Beriev Be-12 was a successor to the Beriev Be-6 flying boat, whose primary roles were as an anti-submarine and maritime patrol bomber aircraft.
衍生型：
Be-12
Twin-engined maritime reconnaissance, anti-submarine warfare flying-boat. 2 prototypes and 130 production airframes built.
Be-12EKO
Projected ecological reconnaissance version. Not built.
Be-12I
Projected scientific research version designed in 1991. Not built.
Be-12LL
Conversion for testing the 3M-80 'Moskit' anti-shipping missile. Nose radar replaced with missile seeker head. One aircraft converted in 1980.
Be-12N
ASW version fitted with new sensors, avionics, MAD sensor and Nartsiss search/attack system. 27 aircraft converted.
Be-12Nkh
Utility transport, experimental passenger transport version. Military equipment removed, additional windows fitted. 2 built, both converted from Be-12.
Be-12P
Firefighting version. One 4,500 l tank and two 750 l tanks installed. Four aircraft converted in 1992.
Be-12P-200
Technology demonstrator for the Beriev Be-200. Fire-fighting configuration. One aircraft converted.

Be-12PS

Maritime Search and rescue version. Life rafts and survival equipment carried. 6 crew. 10 built new, 4 converted from Be-12.
Be-12SK
One aircraft converted in 1961 for use in SK-1 nuclear depth charge tests.
Be-14
All weather, day/night SAR version. Additional SAR and medical equipment. 6 crew. AI-20D engines. One built.
M-12
Stripped-down Be-12 used for record-setting flights. 2 Crew. Later returned to standard configuration.

Beriev Be-42 (Russia)

A-40飛艇又名Be-42和信天翁(Albatros)，它是Beriev的噴射飛艇，作為海上巡邏機和反潛機，用來取代Be-12。
衍生型
A-40
Initial ASW amphibian. 1 prototype built (second is 70% completed).
A-40M
Projected upgrade to the initial version, utilising a new search and targeting system.
A-40P
Initially a projected aerial firefighting version, able to scoop 25 tonnes (28 tons) of water and transport a team of firefighters. Later the same designation was used for a projected maritime patrol aircraft in direct competition with the Tu-204P.
A-40PM (also known as Be-40P)
A projected civil version developed in 1994. Intended to carry 105 passengers, an export version with CFM engines was also offered. These studies led to the development of the Beriev Be-200.
Be-40PT
A projected cargo/passenger version designed to carry 70 passengers, 10 tonnes (11 tons) of cargo or 37 passengers and up to 6.5 tonnes of cargo.
A-42 (also known as Be-42)
A Search and rescue version designed to replace the Beriev Be-12PS, in response to the K-278 disaster. Construction of a prototype began, but was suspended in 1993. Studies are currently being made of a joint A-42/44 multi-role version, fitted with Progress D-27 propfans.
A-44
Maritime patrol version designed in tandem with the A-42 before the projects were merged into a multi-role aircraft in 1993.
A-42PE
Projected maritime patrol and SAR version intended for export. Powered by two Progress D-27 propfans.

Beriev Be-200 (Russia)

The Beriev Be-200 Altair is a multipurpose amphibious aircraft designed by the Beriev Aircraft Company and manufactured by Irkut. Marketed as being designed for fire fighting, search and rescue, maritime patrol, cargo, and passenger transportation.
衍生型
Be-200 — Basic multirole model
Be-200ChS (as it is more often known, a transcription of the Russian Бе-200ЧС) or Be-200ES (Emergency Services) — Multirole model fitted to the requirements of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations
Be-200E — English cockpit version of the Be-200ES
Be-200RR — Designation of projected Rolls-Royce engined variant.
Be-210 — Projected Passenger only model
Be-220 — Projected maritime patrol variant.

Ilyushin Il-38 (USSR)

The Ilyushin Il-38 (NATO reporting name: May) is a maritime patrol aircraft and anti-submarine warfare aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It was a development of the Ilyushin Il-18 turboprop transport.
衍生型
Il-38—Production aircraft
Il-38M—Modified variant with a receiver probe as part of a hose and drogue air refuelling System, did not enter service
Il-38MZ—Was a modified tanker variant of the Il-38, did not enter service
Il-38N—Improved variant sometimes referred to as Il-38SD for Sea Dragon the new search and tracking system.

Tupolev Tu-95MR (USSR)

Bear A modified for photo-reconnaissance and produced for Naval Aviation. Known to NATO as the Bear-E.

Tupolev Tu-142 (USSR)

The Tupolev Tu-142 (NATO : Bear F/J) is a maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft derived from the Tu-95 turboprop strategic bomber.
衍生型
Tu-142
A lengthened Tu-95 with much defensive armament removed, and instead incorporating ASW systems. Twelve aircraft initially had six-wheel main undercarriage bogies. Six later aircraft had four-wheel bogies. Built by Kuibyshev Aviation Plant.
Tu-142M
A 30-centimetre (12 in) stretch to front fuselage, redesigned cockpit and two-axle main undercarriage bogies. Built by Taganrog.
Tu-142MK
Greatly improved variant with new Korshun radar, avionics and ASW equipment. 43 Tu-142MKs were constructed by Taganrog.
Tu-142MK-E
Eight downgraded Tu-142MKs purchased by the Indian Naval Air Arm. E stands for "export".
Tu-142MZ
The last production variant of the "Bear F", with new NK-12MP engines and a new avionics suite. Can be distinguished from other Tu-142s by its chin fairings. Built by Taganrog.
Tu-142MZ-K
Proposed commercial cargo variant of the Tu-142MZ (the K standing for "kommercheskiy"), with ASW avionics removed. Also designated Tu-142MZ-C.
Tu-142MP
Modified single Tu-142M used as avionics testbed.
Tu-142MR
Modified Tu-142MKs built as submarine communications relay aircraft. Has distinctive external fairings and components. NATO codename "Bear J".
Tu-142LL
Two converted earlier Tu-142s used for testing of turbofan engines. ASW equipment was removed.
Netherlands
Fokker F27 Maritime Enforcer (Netherlands)
Armed maritime multi-role patrol aircraft.

Italy

ATR 42 MP Surveyor (Italy)
The ATR 42 "Surveyor" is a maritime patrol version of the ATR-42−400, The ATR 42 MP is fitted with the latest Advanced Tactical Observation System (ATOS), and an open and modular integrated mission management system, in order to fulfill its primary roles of vessel search, identification and surveillance, maritime and coastal surveillance, search and rescue (SAR), and pollution detection.

ATR 72 MP (Italy)

The ATR 72 ASW integrates the tactical patrol and surveillance mission system of the 

ATR 42 Surveyor with additional anti-submarine warfare capabilities such as a search radar, an acoustic system with sonobuoy launcher, an electro-optic system, a Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD), a self protection system including Electronic Support Measures (ESM), Missile Warning System (MWS), chaff and flare dispensers and an armament system with four underfuselage pylons for depth charges, torpedoes and antiship missiles.

Spain

CASA C212 MPA (Spain)
The NC-212-200 is a high-wing twin turboprop metal structure aircraft, of semi-monocoque design, with fixed landing gear. Designed principally for regional transport line with STOL characteristic, the NC-212-200 can be operated at from short unprepared airfields. 

CASA CN235 MPA & EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry (Spain)

The CASA/IPTN CN-235 is a medium-range twin-engined transport plane that was jointly developed by CASA of Spain and Indonesian manufacturer IPTN, as a regional airliner and military transport. Its primary military roles include maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport.
The EADS HC-144 Ocean Sentry is a medium-ranged, twin-engined aircraft used by the United States Coast Guard in the search-and-rescue and maritime patrol missions. Procured as the "Medium Range Surveillance Aircraft", the HC-144 is manufactured by EADS North America and is based on Airbus Military's (formerly EADS CASA) CN-235 transport.

Poland

PZL M28B Bryza 1R, 1RMbis, 1E
The PZL M28 Skytruck is a Polish STOL light cargo and passenger plane, produced by PZL Mielec, as a development of licence-built Antonov An-28. Early licence-built planes were designated PZL An-28. The maritime patrol and reconnaissance variants are named PZL M28B Bryza ("sea breeze").

China

Harbin SH-5 (China)
The Harbin SH-5 (水轟五型) is a Chinese maritime patrol amphibious aircraft intended for a wide range of duties, including aerial firefighting, anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and air-sea rescue (SAR). They are used for maritime and search and rescue operations.
 
Shaanxi Y-8Q & X (China)
Y-8Q: ASW variant, surface search radar, FLIR, internal bomb bay, SATCOM, and tail MAD.
Y-8X：Maritime Patrol Aircraft with western avionics, radar, mission systems and defensive aids. Some aircraft have been known to carry ELINT packages. Equipped with Litton Canada AN/APS-504(V) search radar for maritime surveillance missions. This version is characterized by a larger cylindrical radar radome under the nose similar to that on H-6 bomber.

開發中

US
Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton (USA)
The Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) under development for the United States Navy as a surveillance aircraft. Developed under the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) program, the system is intended to provide continuous maritime surveillance for the US Navy, and to complement the Boeing P-8 Poseidon, the Boeing 737-based Multimission Maritime Aircraft (MMA).

Spain

Airbus A319 MPA

The A319 MPA is a long range maritime patrol and ASW aircraft developed by Airbus Military. The aircraft can be deployed in anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance missions.
The low-altitude loiter or search capability, exceeding range, endurance and fast transit speed make the A319 the best maritime patrol aircraft in its range.