世界第四代噴射戰鬥機-北約組織與盟國篇(World 4th Generation Jet Fighter Aircrafts-NATO&NATO Allied Countries)

第四代噴射戰鬥機於1970年代後陸續服役，跟第三代噴射戰機最大的不同在於加強飛機機動性與隱藏式機炮的設計，除了多用途和精密航電的發展方向大致不變以外，第四代戰鬥機放棄對高速，高翼負荷的設計追求，轉而擴展飛機在不同高度與速度下的運動性，F-16並裝設了世界第一代數位戰機傳動系統-線傳飛控(fly-by-wire)。或許受到台海空戰的影響F-86F搭配當時世界第一種空對空飛彈響尾蛇飛彈以懸殊比數擊落中共MiG-17，因此美國戰鬥機設計師認為以空對空飛彈便足以應付所有的空戰情況，空戰不會進入纏鬥，因此在設計第ㄧ種第三代戰機F-4時並未設計機炮，但在美國參加越戰後卻發生很多F-4在進入纏鬥狀況下被擊落，因此後來的F-4才又加了機炮。但諷刺的是由於科技的進步使空對空飛彈與雷達的能力大幅度增強，最著名的應該是搭配在F-14的長程半主動雷達導引的鳳凰飛彈，以及後來有幾國也開發出了主動雷達導引飛彈，因此第四代戰機多數的空戰是以空對空飛彈決勝負，甚至在敵機尚未看見我方戰機時便已經被擊落了這就是所謂視距外空戰(BVR)，真正被戰鬥機機炮擊落的戰機反而屈指可數。(本文主要討論第四代噴射戰鬥機，至於4.5代戰機則依衍生型帶過，不作特別討論。)

美國

Grumman F-14 Tomcat(美國F-14已全數除役)

F-14A/B/D

F-14雄貓戰鬥機的開發起自於冷戰時代，美國海軍需要一架能在航艦上起降、擁有強大空對空攻擊武力的空優戰鬥機，用來作為航空母艦戰鬥群外圍的空中護衛用途，尤其是針對當時以蘇聯為首的共產國家勢力所擁有之機載型反艦飛彈。F-14的可變翼設計讓其可以依飛行速度調整主翼角度，在進行超音速飛行時則將主翼角度縮到最小來達到最小阻力。F-14能夠配置射程超過200公里的AIM-54"鳳凰"式(Phoenix)長程空對空飛彈，搭配休斯(Hughes)公司開發的AN/AWG-9長距離雷達系統，該系統擁有超過160公里的目標搜尋能力並能同時追蹤多達24個的目標，能夠在敵人根本還偵測不到自機的存在時，就給予視距外攻擊的能力。也因此F-14在服役的前二十年內可說是世界最先進的戰鬥機，在F-14發生演習落海時美國還特別出動船艦打撈，以避免前蘇聯趁機打撈此戰機並研究得到此先進的雷達與飛彈技術，F-14的技術優勢一直保持到主動雷達導引飛彈的問世並大量服役才中止。由於F-14曾於八零年代風靡ㄧ時湯姆．克魯斯主演的電影捍衛戰士(Top Gun)中擔綱演出，並造成當時美國ㄧ股從軍的風潮，所以雖然在美國已經除役了，但仍有不少F-14迷，可說是第四代戰機最具知名度的ㄧ員。在F-14於美國海軍服役後，可說只要有美國航空母艦出場的戰役就少不了F-14的蹤影，不過由於維護費用太高美國海軍已提前於2006年將其全數除役。
很奇怪的是目前美國的死對頭伊朗仍有不少F-14在服役中，也是美國外唯一有F-14服役的國家。這些在當時伊朗親美政權巴勒維王朝所賣給伊朗的F-14也爲伊朗在後來的兩伊戰爭期間立了不少汗馬功勞。

開發歷程

F-14A	Twelve development aircaft with Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-412 Engines.
F-14A	Initial production variant with Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-412 Engines. (TF30-P-414A engines later retrofitted).
F-14B	One development aircraft fitted with Pratt & Whitney F401-PW-P400 engines, 1973-74.
F-14B Super Tomcat	The above development aircraft fitted with General Electric F101DFE engines.
F-14A+	Interim designation for F110-GE-400 powered F-14B production version.
F-14B	Upgraded production version with F110-GE-400 engines and new electronics and radios.
F-14C	Same as F-14B but with ground attack capability added. This type was abandoned in favor of buying more A-6 Intruders.
F-14D	Two F-14A development aircraft fitted with F110-GE-400 engines and prototype digital avionics.
F-14D	Production version with digital avionics using the dual AKY-14 standard airborne computer which connects all avionics digitally.
F/A-14D	Proposal to install AN/ALE-50 towed decoy and terrain following avionics.
F-14T & F-14X	Two versions proposed during the 1970's to reduce costs. The proposal was scrapped on a suggestion from Israel that the USN should have the best aircraft possible.
F-14 Quick Strike	This programme was cut due to the success of the 'Super Hornet'.
Tomcat 21 and Attack Tomcat 21	Externally these would have the surface areas increased to accommodate more fuel and a "no wind carrier take off" capability.

生產總量

Design Office:Grumman Aerospace Corporation, Bethpage, New York (originally)

Grumman Corporation (1111 Stewart Avenue, Bethpage, NY 11714, USA. Later Northrop Grumman)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F-14A	556	Bethpage, NY	1969-198?
F-14A for Iran	80	Bethpage, NY	197?-197?
F-14B (prodn.)	38	Bethpage, NY	1987-198?
F-14B (F-14A+)	32 rebuilds	Bethpage, NY	198?-198?
F-14D proto.	2 conv.	Bethpage, NY	1987-1988
F-14D (new)	37	Bethpage, NY	1989-1991
F-14D (conv)	18 rebuilds	Bethpage, NY	1991-March 1993
Total:	711

Total Produced:711 a/c

服役國家：

美國：F-14已全數除役

伊朗：仍有數十架F-14A服役中

McDonnell Douglas/Boeing F-15 Eagle(美國F-15A/B已全數除役)

F-15A/B/C/D

F-15鷹式戰鬥機，是依據 1960與1970年代美國空軍需求開發生產的全天候、高機動性的戰術戰鬥機，針對獲得與維持空優而設計。目前仍是美國空軍現役的主力戰機之一，F-15是由1962年展開的F-X(Fighter-Experimental)計劃發展出來。F-15A曾被美國用來作為反衛星武器載台，不過此計劃後來被取消了，在波斯灣戰爭期間F-15也曾擊毀不少伊拉克的飛毛腿飛彈載具，並在歷次戰役累積創下擊落敵機一百多架的紀錄。 由於本戰機性能優異且強大，加上價格高昂不是一般國家可以負擔，就連聯合國常任理事國的英法兩國也無純空優戰機服役，因此美國剛開始也僅出口F-15給美國的重要盟邦日本、以色列以及沙烏地阿拉伯，並僅授權日本改良製造。不過近期連韓國與新加坡也已經引進4.5代的F-15E衍生型。

發展歷程(F-15E之後的F-15被歸類為4.5代噴射戰鬥機)

F-15A	Initial single-seat version for USAF and Israel with F100-PW-100 engines and APG-63 radar. Note: Initial development aircraft designated F-15A not YF-15
F-15A/B MSIP	Minor update to USAF aircraft fleet during the 1980s
TF-15A	Initial designation for F-15B
F-15B	First two-seater trainer version. Fully mission capable but without the F-15As AN/ALQ-135 ECM equipment
F-15A/B MSIP	Upgrade to near F-15C/D standard for USAF aircraft during the 1990s, with APG-70 radar, new avionics and digital computers replacing the original analog computers
F-15C	Improved single-seater for USAF with increased internal fuel, updated APG-63 radar and provision for CFTs (Conformal Fuel Tanks) along the sides of the intakes. Initial aircraft had F100-PW-100 engines, but most were delivered with F100-PW-220 standard engines.
F-15D	Two-seat version of F-15C
F-15C/D MSIP	Avionics upgrade for USAF aircraft with new APG-70 radar, cockpit displays, EW systems and digital computers.
F-15DJ	Two-seat version of F-15D for Japan
TF-15A 'Strike Eagle'	Second development TF-15A modified during 1982 for dedicated air-ground operations to potentially replace the F-111. Company funded demonstrator.
F-15E	Production two-seater with dedicated all-weather ground attack capability. Features strengthened airframe, redesigned cockpit, improved avionics and (in later production and retrofit) uprated F100-PW-229 engines. Note: 'Strike Eagle' name not officially adopted by the USAF.
F-15I "Baz" (Eagle)	Export version of F-15E for Israel with significant Israeli avionics fit
F-15J	Single-seater for Japan based on F-15C with some local avionics
F-15S	Export version of F-15E for Saudi Arabia with downgraded avionics and no provision for CFTs.
F-15F	Proposed single-seat fighter version of F-15E for Saudi Arabia
F-15H	Proposed export version of F-15E for Saudi Arabia with reduced sensor fit
F-15XP	Initial generic designation for F-15F/H export versions of F-15E for Saudi Arabia
NF-15B "Agile Eagle"	F-15B used for manoeuvre control research
F-15N "Sea Eagle"	Proposed version for US Navy
F-15XX	Proposed lightweight development of F-15C with improved avionics and systems, as a low cost alternative to the F-22 for the USAF. Abandoned in 1992.
RF-15 "Peak Eagle"	Proposed dedicated reconnaissance version
F-15C "Wild Weasel"	Proposed defence suppression version
F-15/PDF	Planned conversion of F-15Cs to defence suppression role as Precision Direction Finder aircraft. Proposed for aircraft replaced by the F-22.
SMTD Eagle	First F-15B development aircraft modified by NASA for flight control research. Fitted with canards and 2D thrust vectoring exhaust nozzels.

總生產量

Head of Design Team:George Graff

Programme Manager:Don Malvern

Design Office:McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St Louis, Missouri

McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Corporation (MCAir) (Box 516, St Louis, MO 63166, USA. Later Boeing Military Aircraft)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F-15A	355	St Louis, MO	1972-1979
F-15B	57	St Louis, MO	1972-1979
F-15C	118	St Louis, MO	1979-1985
F-15D	31	St Louis, MO	1979-1985
F-15J	2	St Louis, MO	1979-1980
F-15DJ	12	St Louis, MO	1979-1981
F-15E	209	St Louis, MO	1985-1991
F-15I	26	St Louis, MO	1996-1998
F-15S	72	St Louis, MO	1996-1998
F-15E	10	St Louis, MO	1998-2002
Total:	894
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd (5-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F-15J	173*	Tokyo	1981-1997
Total:	173

* First 8 a/c assembled from St Louis components. Subsequently, Mitsubishi responsible for forward and centre fuselage, Kawasaki making wings and tails.

Total Produced:1067 a/c

服役國家：(此處所列不包含4.5代以後的F-15)

美國：F-15C/D(Air Force 10Wings 25Sqns，Air National Guard 7Wings 7Sqns)

日本：F-15J/DJ(空中自衛隊5Wings 7Sqns)

以色列：F-15A/B/C/D(2 Sqns)

沙烏地阿拉伯：F-15C/D(4 Sqns)

General Dynamics/Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon(F-16A/B已全數除役)

F-16/A/B/C/D

F-16戰隼戰鬥機的誕生始自於1974年美國國防部提出的一份性能要求書。由於F-4在越戰時的空戰表現不佳，特別是在近距離纏鬥的情況下而催生出F-15。有一群相當有影響力的人自稱為戰機黑手黨，認為F-15的研發方向並不正確。他們批評F-15的體型太大而且成本太高。在設計上F-15是一架高速攔截機，迴轉半徑較大，並不適用於近距離的纏鬥。戰機黑手黨主張應該要研發一種具備極高運動能力的輕型戰鬥機，同時採購成本低廉，能夠大量部署。這些特性也就成為1971年開始進行的輕型戰鬥機計畫(LWF)。此時有兩家公司在概念設計階段脫穎而出：通用動力的YF-16與諾斯羅普的YF-17眼鏡蛇。
輕型戰鬥機計畫在美國空軍當中遭遇非常大的反對聲浪，主要原因在於它會成為與美國空軍最主要的F-15戰鬥機互打擂台的計畫。為了減少阻力，這個計畫更名為空戰戰鬥機(Air Combat Fighter，ACF)計畫。美國空軍需要一種比較便宜的輕型戰鬥機對抗前蘇聯在戰鬥機數量上的優勢，並與昂貴的F-15形成高低檔次配合。在此同時，比利時、丹麥、荷蘭與挪威四個國家在尋找替代F-104星式戰鬥機的新一代戰鬥機，他們共同組成多國戰鬥機計畫集團(Multinational Fighter Program Group，MFPG)以尋找適當的候選機種。而美國海軍在這個階段也開始以艦載戰鬥攻擊試驗機(VFAX)計畫為名尋求一款低成本機種，以便輔助F-14雄貓這種價格不菲的艦載空優戰鬥機。美國國會指示美國海軍必須與空軍的空戰戰鬥機計畫選擇同一個機種。當艦載戰鬥攻擊試驗機逐漸演變為一款多用途的飛機時，這項需求也被加入空戰戰鬥機的設計規範當中，以避開與F-15計畫的正面衝突，而且在對抗華約方面優勢的裝甲武力也需要加強對地攻擊能力。後來美國空軍在空中戰鬥機的競賽中選擇了YF-16，而美國海軍則選擇了YF-17的設計發展為F/A-18。

戰隼的原始設計針對越戰的經驗並且強調視距內的纏鬥能力，許多設計像是第一次集中在這架飛機上，包括：側置操縱桿、傾斜座椅以及線傳飛控系統。也是美國第一種有能力進行9G過載機動的戰鬥機。在F-16之前的戰鬥機都是只要飛到固定狀態飛機不去操控也能保持穩定，但F-16卻故意設計成不穩定狀態以獲得更好的機動性，所以F-16如果沒有機上的飛控電腦光靠飛行員操作的話根本無法安全飛行，但也因為如此它的纏鬥能力比F-14或F-15來得好。由於F-16性能優異與價格低廉，加上美國空軍與北約盟國大力採用，後來也外銷亞洲、中東、紐西蘭與委內瑞拉等美國盟邦，成為西方國家最暢銷的第四代戰鬥機。而台灣也在與美國合作開發IDF成功加上購入法國幻象2000-5後，美國才以出口代號和平鳳凰計畫(Peace Fenghuang) 賣給台灣150架F-16A/B戰機，才讓台灣空軍期盼多年的F-16成軍服役。

發展歷程(F-16E/F之後的F-16被歸類為4.5代噴射戰鬥機)

YF-16	First prototype, designed for the LWF competition.
F-16A FSD	Single-seat fighters from Full Scale Development batch for service testing.
F-16B FSD	Two-seat conversion trainers from Full Scale Development batch. Airframe dimensions are same as for F-16A but loses 1,500 lb (680 kg) of fuel for rear cockpit. Retains full combat capability.
F-16A/B Block 1	Initial production version. Distinguished by their black radomes. Most Block 1 aircraft were upgraded to Block 10 standard in a programme called "Pacer Loft" in 1982.
F-16A/B Block 5	Refined production version. Most Block 5 aircraft were upgraded to Block 10 standard in a programme called "Pacer Loft" in 1982.
F-16A/B Block 10	Production version with slightly revised avionics equipment fit.
F-16A/B Block 15	The most numerous version of the F-16. Introduced the enlarged tailplane required when carrying large bomb-loads, and adopted on all subsequent variants. This block also featured the introduction of two hardpoints added to the chin of the engine intake. Improvements referred to as MSIP I
F-16A(R)	Designation applied to some Dutch AF F-16A aircraft equipped with a centreline tactical reconnaissance pod.
ADF F-16A/B Block 15	Conversion of Block 15 aircraft to dedicated Air Defense Fighter role for use by the ANG. Modified radar to guide AIM-7 Sparrow or AIM-120 AMRAAM BVR missiles, advanced IFF and night identification light in port forward fuselage.
F-16A/B Block 10/Block 15 OCU	Operational Capabilities Upgrade programme. Improved avionics and fire-control system and provision for F100-PW-220E engine.
F-16/B MLU	Mid-Life Update programme for the original NATO F-16s. Brings cockpit up to Block 50 standard, plus APG-66(V2A) radar and provision for intake mounted FLIR and a helmet-mounted sight.
F-16A/B Block 20	Export version for Taiwan. F-16A/B airframe with MLU avionics fit, giving near Block 50 capability.
F-16C and F-16D	Improved series featuring built-in structural and wiring provisions and systems that permit expansion of the multi-role flexibility to perform precision strike, night attack and beyond visual range interception missions. Distinguished by an enlarged fairing at the base of the fin, surmounted by a small blade aerial towards the front.
F-16C/D Block 25	Introduced the ability to carry AIM-120 AMRAAM as well as night and precision ground-attack capabilities, and an improved radar: the AN/APG-68, with increased range, better resolution, and more operating modes.
F-16C/D Block 30/32	New engines - Block 30 the General Electric F110-GE-100. Block 32 the Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220. F110 engined aircraft feature a 1 ft (0.3 m) wider air intake to accomodate the increased air flow ingested. Both blocks can carry the AGM-45 Shrike and the AGM-88A HARM and they can also carry AGM-65 Maverick.
F-16C/D Block 40/42 'Night Falcon'	Introduced the LANTIRN navigation and targeting pods and extensive air-to-ground loads, including GBU-10, 12, 24 Paveway laser-guided bombs and the GBU-15. Block 40/42 production began in 1988 and went on until 1995.
F-16C/D Block 50/52	Equipped with the APG-68(V)7 radar and F110-GE-229 (block 50) or F100-PW-220 (block 52) Improved Performance Engine. Technology enhancements include multi-function displays, new modular mission computer, digital terrain system, colour video camera and triple deck recorder. They also carry the CBU-102, 104, 105 Wind-Corrected Stand-Off Weapon, and the GBU-31, 32 Joint Direct Attack Munitions.
F-16CJ/DJ Block 50D/52D "Wild Weasel"	Recognised for its ability to carry the AGM-88 HARM and the AN/ASQ-213 HARM Targeting System (HTS) in the suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) mission. This specialised version of the F-16 can also carry the ALQ-119 Electronic Jamming Pod for self-protection.
F-16C/D Block 60	In may 1998 the UAE announced the selection of Block 60 F-16's to be delivered between 2002 and 2004. The upgrade includes conformal fuel tanks for greater range.
F-16/79	One F-16A converted to take a J79 engine, as used by the F-4 Phantom II. Downgraded export version, later abandoned.
F-16 CCV	First YF-16 rebuild to test Control Configured Vehicle technology, with twin canards added.
AFTI/F-16A	Fifth FSD F-16A converted with triplex digital flight control system, larger vertical canard control surfaces at the air intake and a thick dorsal spine for Advanced Fighter Technology Integration testing.
NF-16D VISTA	Dedicated research aircraft. Later used to develop the AVEN thrust vectoring engine nozzle
F-16XL	Special version of F-16 with large cranked delta wing. Intended to improve range, speed and weapons load. Lengthened fuselage mated with completely new 'cranked-arrow' delta wing fitted with 17 stores stations. Passed to NASA after losing competition with F-15E.
F-16E/F	Proposed designations for single and two-seat production versions of F-16XL.
F-16N	Version of the F-16C Block 30 for use by the US Navy as an Aggressor aircraft. Simplified and downgraded systems including fitment of APG-66 radar and removal of the cannon.
TF-16N	Two-seat onversion trainer version of F-16N.

生產總量

Design Office:General Dynamics Corporation, Fort Worth, TX (originally)

Production summary: (Blocks 1 - 20 = A/B, Block 25+ = C/D)

Block	F-16A/C		F-16B/D		Total
1	21		22		43
5	99		27		126
10	145		25		170
15	410		47		457
20	?		?		150
25	289		30		319
30	360		48		408
32	56		5		61
40	234		31		265
42	150		47		197
50	175		28		203
52	42		12		54
60	?		?		80?
					2533
Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems Company (LMASC) (Lockheed Martin TAS, PO Box 748, Fort Worth, TX 761201, USA. Formerly General Dynamics Corp.)
Version		Quantity		Assembly Location			Time Period
YF-16		2		Fort Worth, TX			1973-1974
F-16A FSD		6		Fort Worth, TX			1975-1977
F-16B FSD		2		Fort Worth, TX			1977-1978
F-16A		675		Fort Worth, TX			1978-1984
F-16B		121		Fort Worth, TX			1978-1984
F-16C		1306+		Fort Worth, TX			1984-2001
F-16D		201+		Fort Worth, TX			1984-2001
F-16N		22		Fort Worth, TX			Jan 1985-1988
TF-16N		4		Fort Worth, TX			Jan 1985-1988
F-16/79		1?		Fort Worth, TX			?
F-16XL (rebuild)		2		Fort Worth, TX			1982-1983
Total:		2967+
Fokker Aircraft (Fokker, Schiphol, Netherlands)
Version		Quantity		Assembly Location			Time Period
F-16A		273		?			1978-?
F-16B		50		?			1978-?
Total:		300

Aircraft delivered to Netherlands, Norway and Denmark.

SABCA (SABCA, Belgium)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F-16A	190	?	1978-?
F-16B	40	?	1978-?
Total:	222

Aircraft delivered to Belgium and Denmark + 1 a/c to Egypt.

TAI-Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI, Turkey - Formerly TUSAS)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F-16C Block 30	35	?	1990-1992
F-16D Block 30	9	?	1990-1992
F-16C Block 40	101	?	1992-1995
F-16D Block 40	15	?	1992-1995
F-16C Block 50	110	?	1995-1999
F-16D Block 50	20	?	1995-1999
Total:	290
Samsung Aerospace (Samsung, South Korea - later Korean Aerospace)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F-16C Block 52	?*	?	1994-2001
F-16D Block 52	?*	?	1994-2001
Total:	120

* = 12 a/c built at Fort Worth + 36 supplied as kits + 72 local.

Total Produced:3779+ a/c

服役國家：(此處所列不包含4.5代以後的F-16)

U.S. Air Force (Air Force 11Wings 27Sqnsand Air National Guard 18Wings 19 Sqns F-16 C/D)

U.S. Navy (F-16N/TF-16N)

Bahrain – Air Force (2 Sqns with F-16C/D)

Belgium – Air Force (6 Sqns with F-16A/B, later F-16A/B MLU)

Denmark – Air Force (4 Sqns. with F-16A/B, later F-16A/B MLU)

Egypt – Air Force (2 Sqns. with F-16A/B, 6 Sqns. with F-16C/D)

Greece – Air Force (4 Sqns. with F-16C/D)

Indonesia – Air Force (1 Sqn. with F-16A/B)

Israel – Air Force (4 Sqns. with F-16A/B, 7 Sqns. with F-16C/D)

Jordan – Air Force (1 Sqn. with F-16A/B)

South Korea – Air Force (8 Sqns. with F-16C/D)

Netherlands – Air Force (9 Sqns. with F-16A/B, later F-16A/B MLU)

Norway – Air Force (4 Sqns. with F-16A/B, later F-16A/B MLU)

New Zealand – Air Force (Order cancelled)

Pakistan – Air Force (3 Sqns. with F-16A/B)

Portugal – Air Force (2 Sqns. with F-16A/B)

Singapore – Air Force (1 Sqn. with F-16A/B)

Taiwan – Air Force (8 Sqns. with F-16A/B)

Thailand – Air Force (1 Sqn. with F-16A/B)

Turkey – Air Force (8 Sqns. with F-16C/D)

UAE – Air Force (4 Sqns. with F-16C/D on order)

Venezuela – Air Force (2 Sqns. with F-16A/B)

McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet(美國F-18A/B已全數除役)

F/A-18/A/B/C/D

YF-17雖然於空軍版空戰戰機計畫敗陣，但卻由於雙引勤的可靠性與存活性較佳獲得海軍青睞而獲選，諾斯洛普後來與製造海軍飛機經驗豐富的麥道公司(McDonnell Douglas)合作，一開始打算開發出戰鬥機版的F-18與攻擊機版的A-18，來分別取代海軍陸戰隊的F-4與海軍和陸戰隊使用的A-7與A-4攻擊機(1976年，當麥道團隊勝利得到製造授權時，他們其實是授命量產空戰用的F-18A)，但是海軍稍後認為這兩種能力的確能夠存在於同一架飛機上面，因此最後的結果是二合一變成一機雙用的F/A-18對空／對地全天候多功能艦載機，F/A-18野菜線傳飛控設計，它同時也是美國軍方第一架同時擁有戰鬥機與攻擊機身份的機種，對於空間有限、承載飛機數量無法大幅度擴張的航空母艦而言，像F/A-18這種角色多變的泛用機種，是非常優秀的配屬選擇，也是目前美國海軍主力艦載機種。由於航艦用軍機需長期於海上作業容意受海水鹽份侵蝕，在設計便會大量採用耐侵蝕的複合材料等做為機身主要材料，加上F/A-18維修容易且性能可靠，在美國海軍贏得塑膠蟲的稱號，再加上操作費用遠低於F-14，也因此美國海軍才會提前將F-14除役完全由F/A-18擔任航艦戰鬥群的主力作戰機種。

發展歷程(F-18E/F之後的F-18被歸類為4.5代噴射戰鬥機，F/A-18G則為F-18D改裝的電戰機 )

YF-17	First prototype manufactured by Northrop and competed against YF-16 in the USAF competition.
YF-17 model 267	Northrop/McDonnell Douglas joint prototype.
F-18	Initial designation of dedicated fighter version.
A-18	Initial designation of dedicated strike/attack version.
F/A-18	Revised designation when common airframe selected for both fighter and attack missions. McDonnell Douglas led programme.
YF/A-18A	Unofficial designation for the first nine single-seat development aircraft.
F/A-18A	First model in the Hornet range of single seat fighter attack aircraft.
TF-18A	Initial designation of F/A-18B two-seater.
F/A-18B	Two seat, dual-control variant of the 'A' model. Combat capable but only used for training.
F/A-18L	The 'L' refers to this being a 'Land' variant of the F/A-18A. Northrop led programme. It never went into production.
TF/A-18L	Two seat, dual-control variant of the 'L' model.
RF-18A	Initial designation for F/A-18(R).
F/A-18(R)	Planned reconnaissance version of the production F/A-18A, with recce camera system replacing M61A1 cannon in bulged nose. One test aircraft converted. Development cancelled.
CF-18A	McDonnell Douglas designation for single seat version for the Canadian Armed Forces. Fitted with spotlight on port side of nose.
CF-188A	Canadian Armed Forces designation for single seat version.
CF-18B	McDonnell Douglas designation for two seat version for Canada.
CF-188B	Canadian Armed Forces designation for two seat version.
AF-18A	Single seat version for the R.A.A.F.
AF-18B	Two seat version for R.A.A.F. Also referred to as the ATF-18A.
EF-18A	Single seat version for the Spanish Air Force. Designated C.15 by the Spanish.
EF-15B	Two seat version for the Spanish Air Force. Designated CE.15 in Spain.
F/A-18C	Improved and updated version of the 'A' model. Revised and updated avionics fit, Martin Baker NACES ejection seat, ability to fire AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles, addition of small strakes on wing LERXs.
F/A-18C Night Attack	Improved version with colour cockpit displays, night vision goggles compatible cockpit and external FLIR pod.
F/A-18C Night Attack	Late production F/A-18C aircraft (June 1994 onwards) have AN/APG-73 radar in place of the previous AN/APG-65 unit.
F/A-18D	Two seat combat capable version of the 'C' model.
F/A-18D+	Original designation for F/A-18D Night Attack.
F/A-18D Night Attack	F/A-18D with night attack avonics fit from FA-18C Night Attack. Dedicated attack aircraft. Rear cockpit has sidestick weapons controllers in place of control column.
F/A-18D(RC)	Reconnaissance Capable version of F/A-18D with wiring for ATARS recce pod. Retains night attack mission capability.
KAF-18C/D	Unofficial designation for the F/A-18C and D Hornets supplied to the Kuwaiti Air Force.
F/A-18E Super Hornet	Enlarged version of F/A-18C to replace F-14 Tomcat. Lengthened fuselage, larger wing and tailplane, rectangular air intakes for new F404 engines but F/A-18C standard avionics fit.
F/A-18F Super Hornet	Two seat combat capable version of F/A-18E.
F/A-18G "Growler"	Projected Electronic Warfare version of F/A-18D to replace EA-6B Prowler.

生產總量

Design Office:McDonnell Douglas Corporation, St Louis, Missouri

McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Corporation (MCAir) (Box 516, St Louis, MO 63166, USA. Later Boeing Military Aircraft)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F/A-18A/B EMD	9/2	St Louis, MO	1978-March 1980
F/A-18A	371	St Louis, MO	1980-1986
F/A-18B	40	St Louis, MO	1980-1986
CF-18A	98	St Louis, MO	1982-Sept 1988
CF-18B	40	St Louis, MO	1982-Sept 1988
EF-18A	60	St Louis, MO	1986-1990
EF-18B	12	St Louis, MO	1986-1990
F/A-18C	355	St Louis, MO	1986-1998
F/A-18C Swiss	2	St Louis, MO	1994-1995
F/A-18D	80+	St Louis, MO	1986-1985
F/A-18D Fin	7	St Louis, MO	1994-1995
F/A-18D Malay	8	St Louis, MO	1996-1997
KAF-18C	32	St Louis, MO	1992-Sept 1993
KAF-18D	8	St Louis, MO	1992-Sept 1993
F/A-18E EMD	5*	St Louis, MO	1995-1997
F/A-18F EMD	2	St Louis, MO	1995-1996
F/A-18E	500+	St Louis, MO	Sept 1997-2015
F/A-18F	500+	St Louis, MO	Sept 1997-2015
Total:	?

* 3 ground test airframes also manufactured.

ASTA - Aerospace Technologies of Australia (ASTA, Avalon, Victoria, Australia)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
AF-18A	57*	Avalon	1984-1990
AF-18B	18*	Avalon	1984-1990
Total:	75

* First few a/c assembled from St Louis components.

Valmet (Valmet, Tampere, Finland - later Finavitec)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F/A-18C	57*	Tampere	1995-2000
Total:	57

* All aircraft assembled from St Louis components. 7 F/A-18D also supplied direct from St Louis.

F+W (F+W, Emmen, Switzerland)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
F/A-18C	24*	Emmen	1995-1997
F/A-18D	8*	Emmen	1995-1997
Total:	32

* All aircraft assembled from St Louis components. 2 F/A-18C also supplied direct from St Louis.

Total Produced:1478 a/c

服役國家：(此處所列不包含4.5代以後的F-18)

美國海軍及陸戰隊：F/A-18C/D

澳洲：F/A-18A/B

加拿大：CF-18A/B

芬蘭：F/A-18C/D

科威特：F/A-18C/D

馬來西亞：F/A-18D

西班牙：F/A-18A+/B+

瑞士：F/A-18C/D

法國

Dassault Mirage 2000

幻象2000是承襲幻象家族一貫無尾翼優雅的三角翼造型單發動機戰鬥機，在1970年代末期由法國空軍以幻象 III型戰鬥機為基礎開發出來的輕型戰鬥機，也採用線傳飛控技術，而當初開發出此戰機主要因幻象F1戰機在競標當時歐洲四國戰機時輸給美國F-16，因此達梭公司便以此型戰機作為跟F-16搶奪世界輕型戰鬥機的市場的新戰機。雖然性能優異，不過由於法國國力與領土面積跟美國無法相比，法國本身的採購量與需部署的數量並無法像美國那麼多，所以導致其造價遠高於F-16，目前除法國外只有8個國家使用，共生產了六百多架各式衍生型戰機。主要武裝是固定2門30mm機炮和9個武器掛載架所掛載的武器，掛載架上可以裝載的除了4枚空對空飛彈以外，也可搭載是炸彈、空對地飛彈或是空對艦飛彈等，甚至也有專門執行戰術核武的Mirage 2000N。

發展歷程:

Mirage 2000C - single seat interceptor, 124 of which entered service with Armee de l’Air ( French Air Force ),37 0f these have upgraded to 2000-5F. Other 10 entered service in Brazil.
Mirage 2000B - two seat training variant, 30 have entered service with the Armee de l’Air. Other 2 entered service in Brazil.
Mirage 2000N - nuclear strike variant, 75 have entered operational service since 1988.
Mirage 2000D - conventional attack variant developed from the Mirage 2000N, 86 have been introduced in service starting in 1995
Mirage 2000-5 - upgrade for Mirage 2000B and Mirage 2000C featuring new glass cockpit taken from Rafale, a Thales multimode RDY (Radar Doppler Multitarget) providing true multitarget tracking ( it can simultaneously detect up to 24 targets and track the eight highest-priority threats while guiding four MICA EMs to different targets simultaneously); 37 aircraft upgraded
Mirage 2000-5 Mark 2 - the most advanced version of the Mirage 2000; equipped with Thales RDY-2, a high-power Modular Data Processing Unit from the Rafale, ICMS 3 digital countermeasures suite, data link for MICA ER missiles. 25 have entered service in Greece.
Mirage 2000E - export version of the Mirage 2000, equipped with day-only ATLIS II laser targeting pod
Mirage 2000EM/BM - export version for Egypt, 16 2000EM aircraft and 4 two seaters 2000BM have entered service with the Egyptian Air Force
Mirage 2000H/TH - export version for India, 42 single seaters and 7 two seaters were purchased by the Indian Air Force. All will be upgarded to 2000-5 Mk2.
Mirage 2000P/DP - export version for Peru, 10 2000P aircrafts ,and 2 2000DP trainers.
Mirage 2000-5EI/DI - in 1992, the Republic of China Air Force ordered 48 single-seat Mirage 2000-5EI interceptors and 12 Mirage 2000-5DI trainers, with introduction of the first squadron in 1997 and the last fighters delivered in 1999
Mirage 2000-5EDA/DDA - export version for Qatar, a total of 9 2000-5EDA & 3 2000-5DDA.
Mirage 2000EAD/DAD/RAD - in 1983, the UAE purchased 22 single-seat Mirage 2000EADs, 8 unique single-seat Mirage 2000RAD reconnaissance variants, and 6 Mirage 2000DAD trainers, for a total order of 36 machines
Mirage 2000EG/BG - 36 single seat Mirage 2000 EG and 4 two seat trainers Mirage 2000BG ordered by the Hellenic Air Force in 1985.
Mirage 2000BR - export version for Brazil. Finally, this deal was cancelled.
Mirage 2000-9 - export version of the Mirage 2000-5 Mark 2, 20 2000-9 Single-seat & 12 2000-9D Two-seat trainer entered service in UAE.

台灣

AIDC F-CK-1A/B Ching-kuo

由於中國對美國施加外交壓力，原本台灣空軍向美國提出購買F-16/J79與F-20戰機各150架的計畫被否決後，1982年航空工業發展中心(航發中心)開始F-CK-1戰機的發展專案。在 1983年這個專案被分為四個部分：

鷹揚：發展機身，與通用動力(General Dynamics)合作。

雲漢：發展發動機與相關系統，與蓋瑞特(Garrett Systems)合作。

天雷：發展航電系統，與西屋電子(Westinghouse Electric)合作。

天翔，後改名天劍：發展空對空飛彈，在美國提供關鍵技術協助下發展短程與中程空對空飛彈。

F-CK-1 C/D 雄鷹(GosHawk)(處女航2006/10/04) 計劃取消

F-CK-1 A/B MLU

翔展一號(台南基地)

翔展二號(台中基地)

翔昇計畫

翔昇機座艙介面更新

翔昇航電

1核心航電系統更新

2通信/導航/敵我識別系統更新（CNI）

3GD53射控雷達更新

飛控性能及航程提升

1飛控軟體

2起飛與落地性能提升

3提高進場攻角並縮短跑道距離

4適形油箱CFT

翔展計畫

翔展一號

翔展二號

青雲油氣彈

萬劍彈(神斧計畫)

天劍2A反輻射飛彈

XAT-5 高級教練機計畫

生產總量

原型機6架，及預產、量產型131架(F-CK-1A 103架，F-CK-1B 28架)

服役國家：

台灣空軍(2聯隊5中隊，A/B型目前共127架)

英義德合作

Panavia Tornado ADV(已全數退役)

龍捲風戰鬥機(Tornado)是一種由英國、西德及義大利聯合開發的雙引擎可變後掠翼戰鬥機家族。主要依功能分成三種型號：IDS(阻絕打擊)、ADV(防空攔截)、ECR(電戰/偵查)於1974年8月14日進行首次飛行，ADV型目前已經全數退出現役。

開發並生產此機的帕那維亞飛機公司(Panavia)分別是由來自德國的梅塞史密特、來自英國的英國航太(即以前的英國飛機公司)和來自義大利的阿藍尼亞航太等三家歐洲軍火商集結而成。

開發歷程

MRCA	Original designation for Tornado programme, meaning Multi-Role Combat Aircraft.
Tornado prototypes	Initial development batch of 9 aircraft.
Tornado pre-series	Follow-on development batch of 6 aircraft.
Tornado IDS	Generic term for ‘bomber’ version. IDS = Interdictor/Strike.
Tornado ADV	Generic term for dedicated interceptor fighter version. Described separately.
Tornado GR.Mk 1	Standard strike version of the Tornado IDS for the RAF. Features additional fin fuel tank and laser rangefinder in undernose fairing.
Tornado GR.Mk 1(T)	Version of the Tornado GR.1 with full flying controls in both cockpits for pilot training. 50 a/c + 1 pre-series refurbished.
Tornado GR.Mk 1A	Dedicated reconnaissance version of GR.1. Includes Vinten 4000 infra-red linescan video system in blister fairing below the aircraft nose. 14 a/c new build + 16 conversions.
Tornado GR.Mk 1B	Dedicated anti-shiping version of GR.1. Equipped to launch Sea Eagle missiles and carry ‘buddy’ in-flight refuelling pods.
Tornado GR.Mk 4	Mid-Life Update for GR.1 with upgraded avionics and cockpit systems.
Tornado GR.Mk 4A	Mid-Life Update applied to GR.1A version.
Tornado GR.4B	Mid-Life Update applied to GR.1B version.
Tornado IDS Germany	Version of Tornado IDS for Germany. Features different weapons ejector racks and weapons fit. 212 a/c for Luftwaffe (including 2 refurbished pre-series and 50 dual control). 112 a/c for Navy.
Tornado IDS Italy	Version of Tornado IDS for the Italian Air Force. Very similar to German version. 100 a/c (including 1 refurbished pre-series and 12 dual-control).
Tornado IDS Saudi	Export version of Tornado IDS for the Royal Saudi Air Force. Very similar to RAF GR.1 version. 96 a/c (including 14 dual-control aircraft and 6 reconnaissance versions similar to GR.1A).
Tornado ECR	Version of Tornado IDS dedicated to reconnaissance and enemy air defence suppression. ECR = Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance. Only Tornados with RB.199 Mk 105 engines. 35 a/c new-build for Germany, 16 a/c conversions for Italy.

總生產量

Customer	IDS	ECR	Total
Germany	322	35	357
Italy	99	16*	99
Saudi Arabia	96	0	96
UK	228	0	228
Total	745	35	780

* Conversions

British Aerospace (BAe) (Warton Aerodrome, Preston, Lancashire, PR4 1AX, UK. Later BAE SYSTEMS)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
Tornado prototypes	4	Warton	March 1973-1976
Tornado pre-series	3*	Warton	1976-1978
Tornado GR.1	228	Warton	1978-1985
Tornado GR.1A	16**	Warton	1985-1989
Tornado GR.1A	14	Warton	1989-1993
Tornado IDS Saudi	48	Warton	1986-1993
Tornado IDS Saudi	48	Warton	1993-1999
Tornado GR.4/4A	142**	Warton	1997-2002
Total:	345

* 1 a/c later refurbished to full production standard.
** Conversion, not new-build.

MBB (MBB, Manching, Germany. Later DASA/Daimler-Chrysler Aerospace/EADS-Germany)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
Tornado prototypes	4	Manching	1974-1977
Tornado pre-series	2*	Manching	1977-1978
Tornado IDS	322	Manching	1979-1990
Tornado ECR	35	Manching	1990-Jan 1992
Total:	363

* Later refurbished to full production standard.

Alenia (Alenia, Turin, Italy. Initially Aeritalia-Fiat.)
Version	Quantity	Assembly Location	Time Period
Tornado prototypes	1	Turin	1975-1975
Tornado pre-series	1	Turin	1977-1978
Tornado IDS	99	Turin	1981-1990
Tornado ECR	16**	Turin	1992-1994
Total:	101

** Conversion, not new-build.

Total Produced:992 a/c (All variants)

韓國

KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle

T-50金鷹(골든이글)式高級教練機是韓國和美國合作的一款超音速高級教練機，韓國航太工業公司(Korea Aerospace Industries，KAI)是本機研發計畫的主承包商，洛克希德馬丁(Lockheed Martin)公司提供技術協助。

本機預計將用以取代現役鷹式Mk 67型、T-38A鷹爪及F-5B自由鬥士等轉換教練機的一款先導教練機(Lead-In Fighter Trainer，LIFT)；而由教練機型衍生的戰鬥攻擊機型FA-50，將取代退居二線的F-5E/F戰鬥機。

衍生型：

T-50

TA-50

FA-50

服役國家：

Indonesian Air Force - 16 T-50I aircraft ordered; all were delivered by January 2014.

Iraqi Air Force - 24 T-50IQ aircraft ordered, with deliveries to begin in April 2016.

Republic of Korea Air Force - 49 T-50, 9 T-50B, 22 TA-50, 20 FA-50 aircraft in service as of October 2014. Another contract is to add 40 aircraft.

Philippine Air Force - 12 FA-50PH aircraft on order;2 aircraft delivered in November 2015.

Royal Thai Air Force - 4 T-50TH advance trainers ordered; to be delivered by 2018.

印度

HAL Tejas

光輝(तेजस)式戰鬥機是由印度斯坦航空有限公司開發的輕型大三角翼戰鬥機，開發項目源於印度的輕型戰鬥機計劃(Light Combat Aircraft)。該計劃始於1980年代，用以取代印度空軍正在老化的米格-21戰鬥機，後來該項目計劃被正式命名為Tejas，在梵語意思中是指光輝。2015年首架光輝戰鬥機正式交付印度空軍。

衍生型：

Technology Demonstrators (TD)

Prototype Vehicles (PV)

Naval Prototypes (NP)

Limited Series Production (LSP) aircraft

Planned production variants

Tejas Trainer- Two-seat operational conversion trainer for the Indian Air Force.

Tejas Mark 1A - It will be equipped with an advanced AESA Radar and an electro-optic Electronic Warfare (EW) sensor suite.

Tejas Trainer IN - Two-seat operational conversion trainer for the Indian Navy.

Tejas Mk2 Navy -Twin- and single-seat carrier-capable variants for the Indian Navy.

Tejas Mark 2 - The Tejas Mark 2 is to feature the more powerful General Electric F414-GE-INS6 engine with 98 kN of thrust and refined aerodynamics. The Mark 2 is being developed to meet the latest IAF requirements and will incorporate fifth-generation jet fighter elements which are intended to make way into the FGFA and AMCA.

服役國家：

Indian Air Force – 120 LCA [20 x Mk 1 and 100 x Mk 1A] aircraft planned to be acquired plus 8 Limited Series Production (LSP) aircraft. Four squadrons of LCA Mk 2 aircraft planned to be acquired after completing production of LCA Mk 1.The IAF was considering at least 14 Tejas squadrons with 294 aircraft in February 2014, with each squadron to have 21 aircraft.

Indian Navy – Signed an order for six Naval LCAs.The Indian Navy has a requirement for 40 Tejas aircraft.

科技展示機

法國Dassault Mirage 4000 (maiden flight on 9 March 1979)

以色列

IAI Lavi (maiden flight on 31 December 1986)

英國

British Aerospace EAP (maiden flight on 8 August 1986)

美國

Northrop YF-17 Cobra (maiden flight on 9 June 1974)