各國常用的軍艦艦名-美國海軍(Naval Famous Name Warships-US Navy)-2022

海軍是歷史悠久的軍種，也是仰賴科技發展不斷推進的科技軍種，尤其美國海軍更是世界目前首屈一指的海權超級艦隊，雖然歷史沒有老牌海軍強權英國、法國與西班牙海軍悠久，但如果美國海軍目前自稱世界第二海軍，地球大概就沒有第一海軍了。海權論作者馬漢就是美國人，跟老羅斯福(狄奧多·羅斯福)總統也是好友，而美國海軍後來的發展歷程也深受馬漢的海權論影響，也在老羅斯福時代確立了大西洋與太平洋兩洋艦隊的發展直至今日，而在第一次世界大戰後期，美國也以主力艦組成的大白艦隊(Great White Fleet)達成環球一周的壯舉。一戰後世界各國成立國際聯盟(League of Nations)來維護世界和平，不過當時的世界軍事首強與經濟霸主美國卻始終沒有加入國際聯盟，也因此國際聯盟的效力不彰到後期無法有效阻止軸心國的侵略行動，才導致第二次世界大戰的爆發。二戰後期美國為了對抗日本的大和級主力艦，曾經發展噸位大小與艦砲口徑皆與日本大和級主力艦相當的蒙他那級戰鬥艦，並打算以1:1的數量來建造與日本大和級數量一樣的蒙他那級主力艦，蒙他那級戰鬥艦也是美國海軍軍艦發展以來第一艘舷寬過大無法通過巴拿馬運河的軍艦(也因為有此先例，後來美國的超級航空母艦發展也設計成不必通過巴拿馬運河，而從南美洲南端的麥哲倫海峽與合恩角往返太平洋與大西洋，不過目前正在興建的第二巴拿馬運河寬度已經足以讓美國的超級航艦通過，未來完工後，美國海軍艦隊航空母艦的兩洋調度會更方便)。不過由於二戰後期美國航空母艦的作戰效果太好，美國後來決定以2:1數量建造噸位較小的愛阿華級戰艦來對抗大和級,而日本聯合艦隊的大和級主力艦最後也只完成了大和號與武藏號，三號艦信濃號則改裝為航空母艦，因此美國的愛阿華級最後也只造了四艘，愛阿華號、紐澤西號、密蘇里號與威斯康辛號。

二戰時以英國首相溫斯頓·邱吉爾與美國總統佛蘭克林·羅斯福(小羅斯福)為首的同盟國領袖發表大西洋憲章(Atlantic Charter)，而在戰後依據大西洋憲章成立聯合國(United Nations)來維護世界和平與安全，不過目前聯合國已成為中國俄羅斯勢力的大本營，已經漸漸失去維護世界秩序與和平的效用了。也許未來太空探索時代會發布太陽系宣言(Solar System Declaration)，建立太陽系聯邦總部以維護太空開發的秩序。

直至今日甚至連印度洋目前也有美國海軍的蹤跡，美國海軍目前更是世界海軍組織與海軍艦隊發展最完整的藍水海軍，而美國海軍也是目前海軍艦艇艦隊編制最完整的國家，主力作戰艦艇如核子動力航空母艦(CVN)、核子動力彈道飛彈潛艇(SSBN)、核子動力攻擊潛艇(SSN)等等都已經完全核子動力化，本來在核子動力艦艇發展初期美國也有核子動力飛彈巡洋艦(CGN)服役，但到1980年代後期以燃油動力的泰康德洛加級飛彈神盾巡洋艦全數取代，不過泰康德洛加級目前已經慢慢進入全數退役狀態，美國海軍未來會不會再出現核子動力飛彈巡洋艦甚至搭配能量武器的未來巡洋艦仍是未知數。一次世界大戰可說是燃煤戰艦的時代，二次世界大戰則可說是燃油軍艦起步的時代，到了二戰後變成核子動力艦艇時代的濫觴。1964年美國海軍以全核子動力艦艇組成特遣艦隊進行了海洋環繞行動(Operation Sea Orbit)環繞地球一周，更是宣揚美國海權的一大創舉。

1980年代隆那·雷根總統當政，美國當時在經歷越戰失敗與經濟衰退，雷根當政的新政策讓美國海軍重回二戰後的新大海軍時代而美國經濟也再次興起，甚至讓二戰後期才服役的新型主力艦愛阿華級改裝重回第一線服役，也組成了所謂的水面行動群(Surface Action Group)，成為以主力艦為中心的水面打擊艦隊，愛阿華級也參加波斯灣戰爭。雷根主政時期更讓美國海軍艦艇數來到二戰後的高峰，最高時有將近六百多艘的主力作戰艦艇。而雷根總統與英國首相柴戚爾的合作對抗共產主義擴張，最後也導致東歐鐵幕倒塌與全面民主化，也讓雄踞一時的蘇聯共產黨與蘇聯解體，徹底終結冷戰。

美國當年在太平洋與大西洋的經營也讓美國至今仍在這兩大洋仍然保有相當數量島嶼的統治權或海空軍基地，可以做為遠洋海軍的緊急或主要補給海外據點，也在不少盟國的海空軍基地派駐艦隊或陸空軍兵力。而中國在千禧年後經濟力大幅度增強後，除了開始大量建造海軍艦艇與陸空軍武器裝備，也透過經濟誘因與一帶一路的政策發展，想以經濟利誘太平洋、印度洋甚至非洲國家讓其在這些地方可以擴建軍事基地，更想突破以美國海空軍為主的海空包圍網，進一步突破美國在太平洋的第一、第二與第三島鏈。

美國歷史上有不少名艦的艦名是以歷史戰役或具備特殊紀念意義的名稱，甚至蜂類也常用來命名軍艦，比如勇往號也譯為企業號(USS Enterprise)更是美國海軍的精神名艦，從美國建國初期建立最早期的的大陸海軍所擁有風帆戰艦，到現在最新福特級核子動力航空母艦，幾乎隨時都有一艘勇往號在服役或正在建造中，甚至連科幻名劇星艦迷航記(Star Trek)裡的很多不同級別星艦都命名為勇往號。 

其他的美國名艦還有合眾國號(代表美國聯邦)、美國號(代表美國)、星座號、艾賽克斯號、約克鎮號(紀念著名美國的歷史戰役)、小鷹號(紀念人類第一次動力飛行)、胡蜂號與大黃蜂號(蜂類昆蟲)等等。只是未來美國的無人艦隊大增甚至有星艦之後，會不會又有新的命名方法與勁爆的名字出現就不得而知了，只是未來星艦應該是屬於太空部隊而不是屬於海軍管吧。

美國海軍一戰二戰時的命名規則

艦艇	命名規則	範例
艦隊航空母艦	歷史上的美國軍艦或著名戰役	約克鎮、勇往號
護航航空母艦	歷史上的美國軍艦或著名戰役	卡薩布蘭加
主力艦	美國各州州名	愛阿華、紐約
戰鬥巡洋艦	美國各州州名(因應華盛頓海軍公約，全部改裝成航空母艦)	萊克辛頓
重巡洋艦	美國城市名（州首府及各個島嶼）	阿拉斯加
輕巡洋艦	美國城市名（州首府及各個島嶼）	丹佛、紐奧良
驅逐艦	以亡故的海軍、陸戰隊及海岸防衛隊官兵為名	卡辛
護航驅逐艦	以亡故的海軍、陸戰隊及海岸防衛隊官兵為名	埃爾德里奇
潛水艇	魚類或其他海洋生物名	大青花魚
維修艦	神話人物	女灶神

美國海軍現役各種軍艦的命名常規簡表(2021年版本)

舷號	艦種	常規	近例	最近例外命名
IX	44門炮護衛艦	美國憲法的要義或象徵	憲法號護衞艦
SSN、SSBN	潛艦	美國州分	俄亥俄級核潛艦 維吉尼亞級核潛艦	海曼·里科佛號潛艦 (SSN-795)（2015年1月命名，海軍軍官）
CVN	航空母艦	個別考慮 美國總統	尼米茲級航空母艦 福特級航空母艦
CG	飛彈巡洋艦	歷史上的美國名艦或重要戰役	泰康德羅加級飛彈巡洋艦	湯馬斯·蓋茲號飛彈巡洋艦 (CG-51)（1987年服役，海軍部長）
DDG	飛彈驅逐艦	去世的海軍、陸戰隊或海岸防衛隊軍兵，以及海軍部長	阿利·伯克級飛彈驅逐艦	丹尼爾·井上號驅逐艦（2013年命名，國會議員）
FFG	飛彈巡防艦	去世的海軍、陸戰隊或海岸防衛隊軍兵，以及海軍部長	派里級巡防艦	星座級巡防艦
LCS	近岸戰鬥艦	美國重要地區城鎮	自沃思堡號起的自由級及獨立級近岸戰鬥艦	坎培拉號瀕海戰鬥艦（USS Canberra (LCS-30)）（2018年命名，同名澳洲軍艦）
LHA、LHD	大甲板兩棲突擊艦	海軍陸戰隊參與的戰役或陸戰隊軍官	黃蜂級兩棲突擊艦	美利堅號兩棲突擊艦
LPD	兩棲船塢運輸艦	主要美國城鎮、曾受到九一一襲擊的美國城市	聖安東尼奧級兩棲船塢運輸艦	約翰·穆爾沙號兩棲船塢運輸艦（USS John P. Murtha (LPD-26)）（2010年命名，國會議員）
LSD	船塢登陸艦	國歷史城鎮	惠德比島級船塢登陸艦（Whidbey Island class）
MCM	水雷對抗艦	一般合理動聽的名稱	復仇者級水雷對抗艦（Avenger-class mine countermeasures ship）（Avenger class）
T-AOE	快速戰鬥支援艦	著名美國運輸艦	供應級快速戰鬥支援艦（Supply class）
T-AKE	乾貨及彈藥運輸船	著名美國探險家、拓荒者、開拓者	李維士及克拉克級運輸艦（Lewis and Clark-class）	麥格·艾佛斯號運輸艦（USNS Medgar Evers (T-AKE-13)）（2013年命名，民權運動領袖）
T-AO	海上補給油船	爭取民權和人權的重要人物」（2016年1月制定	約翰·路易斯號補給艦（USNS John Lewis (T-AO-205)）
JHSV	陸海軍聯合高速船艦	小型美國市鎮	先鋒級遠征快速運輸船
LCC	指揮艦	美國山脈	藍嶺號兩棲登陸指揮艦
AS	潛艦補給艦	潛艦研發先驅	埃默里·S·蘭德級潛艦補給艦（Emory S. Land-class submarine tender）
ARS	維修及打撈船	與打撈相關的名詞	衛兵級救援打撈船（Safeguard-class salvage ship）
N/A	各式拖船	美洲原住民部族或著名原住民人士	波瓦坦級遠洋拖船（Powhatan-class tugboat）
T-AGOS	海洋研究船	與正面的特徵、能力或成就相關的形容詞	無瑕號研究船
PC	沿海巡邏艇	天氣相關	颶風級沿海巡邏艇

Enterprise

Name	Class	Commissioned (or otherwise placed into service)	Decommissioned (or otherwise removed from service)	Fate
Enterprise (1775)	70-ton sloop	10 May 1775	7 July 1777	Burned to prevent capture, 7 July 1777. This ship was not a ship of the U.S. Navy. It was captured from the British and operated on Lake Champlain by Col Benedict Arnold of the Continental Army. The Continental Navy did not operate on Lake Champlain.
Enterprise (1776)	25-ton schooner	June 1776	February 1777	Returned to the Maryland Council of Safety in 1777. This Enterprise was also not a ship of the U.S. Navy. It was a privateer purchased for the Continental Navy.
Enterprise (1799)	135-ton schooner/​brig	17 December 1799 April 1811	June 1809 8 July 1823	This Enterprise was the first vessel of the United States Navy to carry the name. Fired the first shots in the First Barbary War against the Tripoli Italian ship Tripoli. Broken up after being stranded on Little Curacao Island in the West Indies.
Enterprise (1831)	197-ton schooner	15 December 1831 29 November 1839	12 July 1839 24 June 1844	Sold, 28 October 1844.
Enterprise (1874)	615-ton barque screw sloop	16 March 1877 12 January 1882 4 October 1887 8 July 1890	9 May 1880 21 March 1886 20 May 1890 1 October 1909	Lent to Massachusetts Maritime Academy, 17 October 1892 – 4 May 1909. Sold, 1 October 1909.
Enterprise (SP-790)	66 ft (20 m) motor patrol boat	6 December 1917	2 August 1919	Transferred to the Bureau of Fisheries on 2 August 1919. This Enterprise was a privately owned motor boat purchased by the U.S. Navy for service as a non-commissioned patrol vessel. As a non-commissioned vessel the prefix "USS" would not have been included in the vessel's name.
USS Enterprise (CV-6)	Yorktown-class aircraft carrier	12 May 1938	17 February 1947	Served with unparalleled distinction in World War II, the most awarded and decorated ship of that war. Scrapped, 1 July 1958 – May 1960.
USS Enterprise (CVN-65)	Enterprise-class aircraft carrier	25 November 1961	3 February 2017	World's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. As of 2012, the U.S. Navy's longest-serving combat vessel, and third-oldest commissioned vessel after USS Constitution and USS Pueblo. Inactive since December 2012, some scrapping started in 2013 prior to official decommissioning on 3 February 2017.
USS Enterprise (CVN-80)	Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier	Scheduled 2028		Announced by Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus.

Essex

• USS Essex (1799) was a 32-gun sailing frigate launched in 1799 and captured in 1814

  • Essex Junior was a British whaler captured by Essex and put into service until recaptured in 1814

• USS Essex (1856) was an ironclad steamer during the American Civil War, sold in 1865

• USS Essex (1874) was a wooden screw steamer launched in 1876 and sold in 1930

• USS Essex (CV-9) was an Essex-class aircraft carrier commissioned in 1942, which served through World War II, the Korean War, and Apollo 7 before being decommissioned in 1969

• USS Essex (LHD-2) is a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship commissioned in 1992 and currently in active service

Constellation

• USS Constellation (1797), was a 38-gun frigate launched in 1797 and scrapped in 1853

• USS Constellation (1854), is a sloop-of-war launched in 1854 and decommissioned in 1933, and preserved as a National Historic Landmark in Baltimore, Maryland

• USS Constellation (CC-2), was a battlecruiser laid down in 1920 and had construction cancelled in 1923

• USS Constellation (CV-64), was a Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carrier which served from 1961 to 2003

• USS Constellation (FFG-62), will be the lead ship of her class of guided missile frigates

America

• USS America (1782), a 74-gun ship of the line, laid down in 1777, but not launched until 1782 and thereupon given to France

• USS America (IX-41), a 19th-century racing yacht converted for United States naval service during the American Civil War

• USS America (ID-3006), originally the German ocean liner SS Amerika, seized by the United States during World War I and used as a troop transport

• USS America (CV-66), a Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carrier commissioned in 1965 and decommissioned in 1996. Currently the only supercarrier to be expended as a target.

• USS America (LHA-6), an America-class amphibious assault ship awarded for construction in June 2007 and commissioned in 2014

United States

USS United States (1797) was one of the original six frigates that served from 1798 until 1865.

• USS United States (CC-6) was a Lexington-class battlecruiser canceled and scrapped when the vessel was only 12 percent complete.

• USS United States (CVA-58) was an aircraft carrier canceled five days after her keel was laid down in 1949. The ship would have been the lead ship under the United States-class aircraft carrier.

• USS United States was to be the eighth Nimitz-class aircraft carrier but renamed USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75) in 1995.

Independence

• Independence (1776 brigantine) was a brigantine built at Kingston, Massachusetts in mid-1776. The brig served in the Massachusetts State Navy and cruised off New England until captured by the Royal Navy in early 1777.

• USS Independence (1776 sloop) was a 10-gun sloop commissioned in September 1776 and wrecked in 1778.

• USS Independence (1814) was the first ship of the line in the Navy, launched 22 June 1814 and finally used as a receiving ship until being decommissioned 1912.

• USS Independence (SP-3676) was a steamer commissioned 16 November 1918 and decommissioned 20 March 1919. She was later renamed Neville and used in World War II.

• USS Independence (CVL-22), was a light aircraft carrier, launched 22 August 1942; decommissioned 28 August 1946 and sunk during weapon testing 29 January 1951.

• USS Independence (CVA-62), was an aircraft carrier commissioned in 1959 and decommissioned in 1998.

• USS Independence (LCS-2) is a littoral combat ship commissioned in 2010 and decommissioned in 2021.

Freedom

• USS Freedom (ID-3024), a cargo ship that served during and shortly after World War I

• Freedom (IX-43), a non-commissioned auxiliary schooner that served from 1940 to 1962

• USS Freedom (LCS-1), a littoral combat ship, decommissioned in 2021

Yorktown

• USS Yorktown (1839), a 16-gun sloop-of-war commissioned in 1840 (sunk in 1850)

• USS Yorktown (PG-1), the lead Yorktown-class gunboat commissioned in 1889 (sold in 1921)

• USS Yorktown (CV-5), the lead Yorktown-class aircraft carrier commissioned in 1937 (sunk in 1942)

• USS Yorktown (CV-10), an Essex-class aircraft carrier commissioned in 1943 (museum ship since 1975)

• USS Yorktown (CG-48), a Ticonderoga-class cruiser commissioned in 1984 (awaiting scrapping)

Kitty Hawk

• USS Kitty Hawk (AKV-1) was a cargo ship and aircraft transport that served during World War II

• USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) is the lead ship of the Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carriers, and was in commission between 1961 and 2009

Hornet

• USS Hornet (1775), a 10-gun sloop commissioned in 1775, served in the American Revolutionary War.

• USS Hornet (1805 sloop), also a 10-gun sloop, took part in the First Barbary War.

• USS Hornet (1805 brig), a brig-rigged sloop-of-war, was launched on 28 July 1805 and sank in a storm on 29 September 1829.

• USS Hornet (1813) was a five-gun schooner used as a dispatch vessel between 1814 and 1820.

• USS Hornet (1865), the first to be steam propelled, was an iron, side-wheeled steamer.

• USS Hornet (1898), a converted yacht, was a dispatch vessel in the Spanish–American War.

• USS Hornet (CV-8) launched the Doolittle Raid in 1942, fought at the Battle of Midway, and was sunk at the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands on 26 October 1942.

• USS Hornet (CV-12) was originally named Kearsarge, but renamed in honor of CV-8 and active through the rest of World War II; she is preserved as a museum ship in Alameda, California.

Wasp

USS Wasp (1775) was a merchant schooner purchased by the Continental Navy in late 1775 and destroyed in 1777

• USS Wasp (1807) was a sloop constructed in 1806 and captured during the War of 1812

• USS Wasp (1810) was a schooner built in 1810 and sold after 1814

• USS Wasp (1813) was a sloop chartered in 1813 and returned to her owners in 1814

• USSWasp (1814) was a sloop-of-war constructed in 1813 and lost in a storm at sea in 1814.

• Wasp (1865), originally the captured Confederate Emma Henry, renamed Wasp in June 1865 and found unfit for further service in 1876

• USS Wasp (1893), was the first steam yacht Columbia launched 1893 by William Cramp, acquired and commissioned in 1898 by the Navy and used as a training ship until sold in 1919

• USS Wasp (SP-1159), a steel-hulled motorboat, was leased by the U.S. Navy and performed patrol duties in 1917

• USS Wasp (CV-7), laid down in 1936, was an aircraft carrier that saw action in World War II until sunk by Japanese submarine I-19 in September 1942

• USS Wasp (CV-18) an aircraft carrier launched in 1943 and served until 1972

• USS Wasp (LHD-1) is lead ship of the Wasp-class amphibious assault ships and was launched in 1989 and in active service

Reference

軍武狂人夢

Multi-Lingual Wikipedia

世界の海軍 

極簡美國史

海權爭霸：世界7大海洋的歷史與地緣政治，全球列強戰略布局與角力

Great Naval Battles VOL.II User's Manual