蛛形綱(Arachnida)-2022

 

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界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
演化支：	蛛形類 Arachnomorpha
亞門：	螯肢亞門 Chelicerata
演化支：	真螯肢類 Euchelicerata
演化支：	頭胸足類 Prosomapoda
演化支：	平背板類 Planaterga
演化支：	十三腹節類 Dekatriata
演化支：	硬器類 Sclerophorata
綱：	蛛形綱 Arachnida
	Order 1 Order 1.1 盲蛛目 Opiliones Sundevall, 1833: (6,519 species, of which †35 species) Order 1.2 蠍目 Scorpiones C.L. Koch, 1851: (2,068 species, of which †121 species) 跑足亞綱 Dromopoda Order 2.1 避日目 Solifugae Sundevall, 1833: (1,116 species, of which †3 species) Order 2.2 擬蠍目 Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778: (3,494 species, of which †40 species) Order 3 鬚腳目 Palpigradi Thorell, 1888: (83 species, of which †1 species) Order 4 †古怖目 Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890: (†31 species ) Order 5 節腹目 Ricinulei Thorell, 1876: (73 species, of which †15 species) 寄蟎總目 Parasitiformes Order 6.1 節腹蟎目 Opilioacarida Zakhvatkin, 1952: (37 species, of which †2 species) Order 6.2 巨蟎目 Holothyrida Thon, 1905: (27 species) Order 6.3 真蜱目 Ixodida Leach, 1815: (896 species, of which †5 species) Order 6.4 革蟎目 Mesostigmata G. Canestrini, 1891: (11,424 species) 蟎形總目 Acariformes Order 7.1 恙蟎目 Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909: (25,821 species, of which †24 species) Order 7.2 疥蟎目 Sarcoptiformes Reuter, 1909 (16,412 species, of which †113 species) Order 8 Order 8.1 †角怖目 Trigonotarbida Petrunkevitch, 1949 (†65 species) Order 8.2.1.1 †烏拉爾蛛目 Uraraneida Selden & Shear in Selden et al., 2008 (†3 species) Order 8.2.1.2 蜘蛛目 Araneae Clerck, 1757: (43,579 species, of which †1,106 species) Order 8.2.2.1 †聯足目 Haptopoda Pocock, 1911 (†1 species) 無鞭目 Amblypygi 有鞭目 Thelyphonida 裂盾目 Schizomida

蛛形綱(Arachnida)又名蜘蛛綱，是節肢動物下的一個綱，包括了蜘蛛(spider)、蠍子(Scorpion)、壁蝨、蟎等。蜘蛛、蠍子等常被社會大眾誤解為昆蟲，雖然同屬節肢動物門，可是蛛形綱動物多數為八隻腳，而昆蟲則僅有六隻腳，昆蟲大多數具有翅膀，但蛛形綱動物則不具備翅膀，蛛形綱是獨立於昆蟲綱之外的一個綱。蛛形綱動物的特徵是擁有八隻腳，具備書肺，體內受精，半變態。蛛形綱動物大多在陸地生活，絕大部分為肉食性。部分種類蜘蛛和蠍子有毒，主要用作自衛及捕獵用途，有些種類蜘蛛如黑寡婦毒性足以毒死成年人類，但大部分的蛛形綱都是無毒的，且有時也視為益蟲，因為會捕食部分人類視為害蟲的昆蟲，但少部分對人類也會造成疾病如塵蟎等。

根據2011年的分類，今日的蛛形綱(Arachnida Cuvier, 1812)有大約112,201左右的物種，當中化石種有†1,586，可作以下分類 ：

• Order 1

  • Order 1.1 盲蛛目 Opiliones Sundevall, 1833: (6,519 species, of which †35 species)

  • Order 1.2 蠍目 Scorpiones C.L. Koch, 1851: (2,068 species, of which †121 species)

• 跑足亞綱 Dromopoda

  • Order 2.1 避日目 Solifugae Sundevall, 1833: (1,116 species, of which †3 species)

  • Order 2.2 擬蠍目 Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778: (3,494 species, of which †40 species)

• Order 3 鬚腳目 Palpigradi Thorell, 1888: (83 species, of which †1 species)

• Order 4 †古怖目 Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890: (†31 species )

• Order 5 節腹目 Ricinulei Thorell, 1876: (73 species, of which †15 species)

• 寄蟎總目 Parasitiformes

  • Order 6.1 節腹蟎目 Opilioacarida Zakhvatkin, 1952: (37 species, of which †2 species)

  • Order 6.2 巨蟎目 Holothyrida Thon, 1905: (27 species)

  • Order 6.3 真蜱目 Ixodida Leach, 1815: (896 species, of which †5 species)

  • Order 6.4 革蟎目 Mesostigmata G. Canestrini, 1891: (11,424 species)

• 蟎形總目 Acariformes

  • Order 7.1 恙蟎目 Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909: (25,821 species, of which †24 species)

  • Order 7.2 疥蟎目 Sarcoptiformes Reuter, 1909 (16,412 species, of which †113 species)

• Order 8

  • Order 8.1 †角怖目 Trigonotarbida Petrunkevitch, 1949 (†65 species)

  • Order 8.2.1.1 †烏拉爾蛛目 Uraraneida Selden & Shear in Selden et al., 2008 (†3 species)

  • Order 8.2.1.2 蜘蛛目 Araneae Clerck, 1757: (43,579 species, of which †1,106 species)

  • Order 8.2.2.1 †聯足目 Haptopoda Pocock, 1911 (†1 species)

• 無鞭目 Amblypygi

• 有鞭目 Thelyphonida

• 裂盾目 Schizomida