俄羅斯帝國海軍創建者是彼德大帝，他也仿照義大利威尼斯建了一座北方大城聖彼得堡，還建了金碧輝煌的彼德夏宮，而之後的幾任沙皇也都重視海軍艦隊的建造，到了日俄戰爭前，俄羅斯帝國的艦隊鐵甲艦總噸位是當時世界第三大僅次於英德兩國。不過日俄戰爭敗戰，讓俄羅斯帝國損失慘重，第三大海軍地位下滑與不少海外殖民地被日本搶走，也有不少軍艦後來成為日本的戰利艦，而海軍則變成排名第六。
二戰末期，取代俄羅斯帝國的前蘇聯，在東線反攻德國時，趁機佔領了東歐，並在二戰後將整個東歐關進鐵幕實施共產主義，成為能與美國並駕齊驅的超級強權，主力艦艇總數在冷戰高峰期達到一千多艘，比美國還多，只是隨著冷戰結束，蘇聯與蘇共一起垮台，東歐共產政權一一民主化，到最後連繼承蘇聯主體的俄羅斯聯邦也跟著自由民主化。而美國為了防止共產主力進一步在歐洲擴張，發起了馬歇爾計畫，經援西歐國家重啟戰後的衰敗經濟，才讓歐洲慢慢從戰後廢墟漸漸恢復活力成長。
因為俄羅斯有很大部分的領土在北極圈內，長年冰封的港口很多，所以俄羅斯擁有全世界最龐大的破冰船隊來清理冰封的航道，但隨著近年全球暖化的狀態提升，原本不適於船艦航運的北極圈海域，目前(2023年)融冰時期大大增加，俄羅斯的北方艦隊與天然氣船隊以及中國的商船隊也逐漸開始利用這一條新航路作為軍事以及經濟商業用途，原本冷門的孤獨海域如今卻變成熱門航線。不過這次俄烏戰爭，俄羅斯打得灰頭土臉，短期要再恢復前蘇聯的輝煌時期，已經是不可能了，甚至可能降級成為一個二流軍力的國家。
俄羅斯帝國皇室其實跟英國皇室有很深的淵源，末代沙皇尼古拉二世的妻子就是德國皇室公主同時也是英國維多利亞女皇的外孫女，當年蘇共革命成功後，為了怕羅曼諾夫王朝末代沙皇尼古拉二世家族流亡到英國，最後將末代沙皇全家秘密處決，原本有謠傳小公主安納塔西亞最後逃出生天，故事還變成迪士尼知名動畫真假公主的原型，不過最新的DNA資料證據顯示，末代沙皇全家沒人倖免於難。
俄羅斯的軍艦主要以人名(特別是沙皇與將領)、州與城市與港口、還有形容詞以及老鷹(Oryol)為主，至於潛艇則包含海中生物、特殊名詞等。
Moskava
Russian ship Moskva (1799) – a ship of the line in service from 1799 until 1830
Soviet destroyer Moskva (1932–1941) – a Leningrad-class destroyer leader from World War II
Soviet battlecruiser Moskva – a planned Stalingrad-class battlecruiser scrapped prior to launch
Soviet helicopter carrier Moskva (1965–1996) – the lead ship of Moskva-class helicopter carrier
Russian cruiser Moskva (1976–2022) – the lead ship of the Slava-class cruiser, formerly named Slava in the Soviet Navy,[1] and the former flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
Oryol
Russian frigate Oryol - frigate destroyed at Astrakhan by rebels in 1670
Russian ship of the line Oryol (1807) - 74-gun ship of the line that fought in the Napoleonic Wars and was scrapped in 1833
Russian ship of the line Oryol (1833) - 74-gun ship of the line scrapped in 1848
Russian ship of the line Oryol (1854) - 84-gun ship of the line converted to steam power while still under construction
Russian battleship Oryol - Borodino-class pre-dreadnought battleship captured by Japan during the Battle of Tsushima in 1905
Admiral Lazarev
Russian monitor Admiral Lazarev – the lead ship of her class of monitor
Russian cruiser Admiral Lazarev – an Admiral Nakhimov-class light cruiser subsequently named Krasnyi Kavkaz
Soviet cruiser Admiral Lazarev – a Sverdlov-class cruiser
Russian battlecruiser Admiral Lazarev – a Kirov-class missile cruiser originally named Frunze
Kirov
Soviet cruiser Kirov - a Kirov-class cruiser
Soviet battlecruiser Kirov - a Kirov-class missile cruiser subsequently named Admiral Ushakov
Imperator Nikolai I
Russian ship of the line Imperator Nikolai I (1860) - 111-gun steam-powered ship of the line that served with the Baltic Fleet; stricken in 1874.
Russian battleship Imperator Nikolai I - Imperator Aleksandr II-class battleship captured during the Battle of Tsushima in 1905 by the Japanese and renamed Iki. Sunk as a target ship in 1915.
Russian battleship Imperator Nikolai I (1916) - Dreadnought whose construction at Nikolayev was interrupted by World War I and scrapped in 1927.
Sevastopol
Russian schooner Sevastopol (1815) - 14-gun schooner that was broken up after 1833.
Russian ironclad Sevastopol - armored frigate that was converted to an ironclad while under construction
Russian battleship Sevastopol (1895) - Petropavlovsk-class pre-dreadnought battleship scuttled during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905
Russian battleship Sevastopol (1911) - Gangut-class battleship that participated in World War I and World War II before she was scrapped in 1949
Soviet cruiser Sevastopol - Kresta I-class cruiser launched in 1967 and scrapped in 1991.
Russian amphibious assault ship Sevastopol - Mistral-class amphibious assault ship subsequently sold to Egypt before delivery.
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